Pumian language

Pumian language (Pumian: Eamkje Pumeer, 𐐇𐐰𐑋𐐿𐐷𐐯 𐐑𐐳𐑋𐐩𐑉) is an isolated language spoken by Pumas in the Bloxburg Valley and Brickland area of Robloxia. It is currently spoken by over 80,000 robloxians. This language is studied by linguists. There are currently many hypotheses about its affiliation. It is one of the most complex languages.

History

The Pumian language began to emerge in the 1st millennium BC, when a similar language was spoken by the ancestors of the Pumas, the Kou-hee robloxians. It soon began to evolve, and by the 2nd century, it was already a distinct language. The origins of Pumian language are unknown, and this is the subject of many theories. Around the 10th century, the first writing systems began to emerge, consisting of pictograms written on the ground. By the 13th century, a better script, combining multiple symbols and resembling cuneiform, had developed. This script was decipherable, allowing linguists to trace the language's evolution over the past 700 years. With the arrival of the Ro-Spaniards, the language underwent a severe period of degeneration, as the Pumas speakers were persecuted. Consequently, the Pumian language spoken after the period of captivity differs somewhat from the earlier, older forms. With the incorporation of the Pumas lands into Robloxia, the language began to revive, constantly evolving. Over time, borrowings from the Robloxian variant of the Bloxian language began to trickle in. The language also began to be written in the Ro-Latin alphabet. To this day, the language has evolved even further, though some Pumas may be able to understand older variations of the language. The language is the official language of several counties in Bloxburg Valley and Brickland.

Alphabet

Ro-Latin		Roseret		Robloxian
Capital letter	Small letter	Capital letter	Small letter	Robloxian
A	a	𐐈	𐐰	ah
E	e	𐐇	𐐯	eh
I	i	𐐆	𐐮	y
O	o	𐐊	𐐲	oh
U	u	𐐋	𐐳	uh
H	h	𐐐	𐐸	h
B	b	𐐒	𐐺	bh
J	j	𐐏	𐐷	y
D	d	𐐔	𐐼	dh
L	l	𐐢	𐑊	l
K	k	𐐗	𐐿	kh
M	m	𐐣	𐑋	m
N	n	𐐤	𐑌	n
P	p	𐐑	𐐹	p
R	r	𐐡	𐑉	r
S	s	𐐝	𐑅	s

Double vowels

Ro-Latin		Roseret		Robloxian
Capital letter	Small letter	Capital letter	Small letter	Robloxian
Aa	aa	𐐂	𐐪	a-ah
Ee	ee	𐐁	𐐩	e-eh
Ii	ii	𐐀	𐐨	ee
Oo	oo	𐐄	𐐬	o-oh
Uu	uu	𐐅	𐐭	ooh

Grammar

Personal pronouns

The Pumian language has three standard persons, including a first-person division into inclusive and exclusive. Additionally, the third person is broken down into the proximate, which is the standard form, and the obviative, used in special cases. There is also something called zero person, which is not declined for numbers and is always pronounced ekej. It is used, for example, for prohibitions, and is often translated in Bloxian as one or generic you. Although there are five grammatical numbers, pronouns are declined for only four.

Person	Singular	Dual	Paucal	Plural
First (exc.)	Aja	Akjem	Ajem	Skjel
First (inc.)	-	Kjem	Kuhem	Khamj
Second	Hema	Hjem	Heem	Mjeak
Third (prox.)	Luk/lek/jakm	Ljem/lkam/jhem	Lkem/lekem/jakem	Lkeak/skeak/jeak
Third (obv.)	Lukmje/lekje/jakmje	Ljeme/lkame/jheme	Lkeme/lekme/jakme	Lkjak/skjak/jeak

Grammatical numbers

The Pumian language has five grammatical numbers for which words are declined. The singular denotes one object, the dual denotes two objects, the paucal denotes several objects, the plural denotes a large, countable number of objects, and the presumptive denotes an unknown or large, uncountable number of objects. Below are the declinations of several words for numbers.

Word	Singular	Dual	Paucal	Plural	Presumptive
Desert	Dehjak	Dehjek	Dehjan	Dehjer	Kadehja
Earth/Land	Luma	Lumek	Luman	Lumer	Kaluma
House	Kaljsk	Kaljek	Kaljskan	Kaljser	Kakalj
Person	Pelak	Pelek	Pelakan	Pelaer	Kapela
Puma	Puma	Pumek	Puman	Pumer	Kapuma
Word	Noma	Nomek	Noman	Nomer	Kanoma

Grammatical cases

The Pumian language has nine grammatical cases. The declination of the word "Puma" for each of them in each number is shown below.

Case	Meaning	Singular	Dual	Paucal	Plural	Presumptive
Nominative	Subject	Puma	Pumek	Puman	Pumer	Kapuma
Accusative	Direct object	Pumje	Pumjek	Pumen	Pumer	Kapumo
Dative	Indirect object	Pumie	Pumiek	Pumjen	Pumjer	Kapumej
Genitive	Possession	Pumaa	Pumeek	Pumaan	Pumeer	Kapuma
Locative	In	Pumka	Pumkek	Pumkan	Pumkel	Kapumka
Instrumental	With	Epuma	Epumek	Epuman	Epumer	Epuma
Causative	For	Kepuma	Kepumek	Kepuman	Kepumer	Kepuma
Ablative-elative	From	Pumej	Pumkej	Pumaj	Pumjej	Kepumi
Types of	Types or variants of a thing	Puma	Pumke	Pumane	Pumje	Kapume

Grammatical tenses

In this language, there are five grammatical tenses. The pluperfect describes actions that were completed before actions that also occurred in the past. The past tense simply describes past events. The present tense, on the other hand, describes events taking place now, regardless of whether they are routines or momentary actions. The inert tense, on the other hand, is a tense that is time-neutral and often used to describe nature. This tense is often omitted when translated into other languages due to the inability of most linguists to understand it. The future tense, on the other hand, refers to future events. The verbs in proximate of singular third person are declined below.

Verb	Pluperfect	Past	Present	Inert	Future
To be	Dealkja	Elksja	Ealkja	Ealkjee	Breealkej
To do	Damekja	Meksja	Mekja	Mekjee	Bremekjej
To live	Danakjea	Naksja	Nakjea	Nakjee	Brenakjej
To have	Daskjea	Skja	Skjea	Skjee	Breskjej
To go	Dakjamea	Kjamja	Kjamea	Kjamee	Brekjamej
To speak	Dameakja	Meaksja	Meakja	Meakjee	Bremeakjej

Sentence construction

Declarative

In Pumian, for an expression to qualify as a sentence, it must have a predicate, which can be placed anywhere in the sentence. As a rule, the word being emphasized comes first in the sentence. If there is a subject, it must always come before the predicate. Examples of variations within a single sentence are given below.

Kapuma nakjeal aehem brukjer hjem Lumalakja je Lumasaka. - Pumas inhabit the state borders of Bloxburg Valley and Brickland.

Aehem brukjer hjem Lumalakja je Lumasaka nek nakjeal Kapumo. - The state borders of Bloxburg Valley and Brickland are inhabited by Pumas.

Lumalakja je Lumasaka aehem brukjeer nek nakjeal Kapumo. - Bloxburg Valley and Brickland have borders inhabited by Pumas.

Interrogative

Questions are formed through inversion. Additionally, they may begin with interrogative words.

Imperative

Imperative sentences are formed using infinitives. Many of them use the zero person.

Exclamative

Exclamative is formed in the same way as declarative, although interrogative words are often added at the beginning.

Parts of speech and their inflection

Nouns

Nouns decline only for grammatical numbers. The dual number form has the ending -ek, while the paucal has the ending -an. The plural form has the suffix -er, and the presumptive form has the prefix ka-.

Verbs

Verbs are conjugated for person, tense, number, gender, and voice. Most verbs are regular, with few exceptions. The declination in the individual tenses differs in that in the pluperfect tense the prefixes like d- and da- are added, in the past tense the suffixes -ksja, -skja, -kja, and -ja are added, in the inert tense the suffix -ee is used, and in the future tense uses prefix bre-. If a suffix needs to be added to a word that already has one suffix due to declination, it is added after it, so that the original word has two parts added. The conjugation of the regular verb "to speak" by persons, numbers, and genders is presented below.

Person	Singular	Dual	Paucal	Plural
First (exc.)	Skjeje	Skjem	Skjajem	Skjear
First (inc.)	-	Skjar	Skjajem	Skjeamj
Second	Skjema	Skjej	Skjeem	Skjeak
Third (masculine)	Skjele	Skjeml	Skjeam	Skjean
Third (feminine)	Skjeke	Skjaml	Skjeam	Skjear
Third (neuter)	Skjak	Skjaml	Skjeam	Skjeal

Adjectives

Adjectives, like nouns, are declined only for numbers. Various suffixes and prefixes are added to this part of speech to distinguish it from the noun. Additionally, adjectives are graded. In the comparative form, the word mon or the suffix -el is added, while in the superlative form, the prefixes naj- or nak- are added.

Adverbs

Adverbs of manner and degree are formed from adjectives and are subject to gradation. The rest are not subject to any decline.

Pumian names

The Pumian language has many original names. However, most of them are no longer used, replaced by Robloxian names or names borrowed from abroad and modified for pronunciation. There are also old Pumian names that are no longer in use.

Old Pumian names

Old Pumas names consist of four parts with different meanings. They are connected by hyphens. The first part is a word related to nature, such as plants, animals, or the elements. The second part is an adjective describing the first part. The third part is any word combination or word. The last part is the time of birth. Below are the parts of the name of the first known Pumas chief in history.

Name	Current variation	Meaning
Saba	Saba	Wolf
Lieak	Ljeak	Brave
Juak	Emunak	Moon(?)
Hem	Hemmej	Late winter

New Pumian names

Nowadays, relatively traditional Pumas names are inseparable concatenations of one or two elements. They have similar origins to older names. The meanings of the names are usually related to nature. Below are the most popular new names and their meanings.

Name	Parts	Meaning
Deemo	De-emo	Blooming flower
Imo	Imo	Wood
Luma	Luma	Earth
Laukpelak	Lauk-pelak	Lucky person
Junamak	Jun-amak	Goldfish

Robloxian names

A significant portion of Pumas use Robloxian names or names based on them. Below are the ten most popular Robloxian names among Pumas and their adopted versions:

John - Jonna
Andrew - Andrja
Elizabeth - Elisabed
David - Dajid
Leon - Leon
George - Jeri
Harry - Hari
Anne - Anna
Richard - Rikard
Mary - Marja

Important words and phrases

"Pumian" = "Robloxian Translation"

Meak = Hi

Meakjeak = Welcome

Norjeak = Goodbye

Palka = Please

Rukkeja = Thanks

Nejo = Sorry

Laukadjenjal = Good morning

Laukdejenjal = Good afternoon

Laukmenauk = Good evening

Lauksenna = Good night

Heje = Help

Kel sampa = Go straight on

Kel perak = Turn right

Kel lehak = Turn left

Kapuma = Pumas

Rebljoksja = Robloxia

Lumalakja = Bloxburg Valley

Lumasaka = Brickland

Lumajukja = Bloxifornia

Lumadehje = Bloxico